Scoliosis is often associated with adolescents, but it’s a condition that can also significantly affect adults. Unlike adolescent scoliosis, which typically develops during growth spurts, adult scoliosis can emerge or worsen due to degenerative changes in the spine, injuries, or undiagnosed curves from childhood that progress over time. This spinal condition, characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, can lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced quality of life if left untreated. Understanding the symptoms and recognizing the signs early on is essential to seek appropriate treatment and prevent complications.
What is Scoliosis?
Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, forming a C or S shape rather than maintaining its natural straight alignment. The angle of the curve may vary, and it can occur in different parts of the spine, such as the thoracic (mid-back), lumbar (lower back), or a combination of both. In adults, scoliosis can either be idiopathic (with no clear cause) or degenerative, which is typically due to wear and tear of the spine over time. The condition might remain unnoticed in some individuals, but as it progresses, it can cause noticeable symptoms that impact daily activities.
Common Symptoms of Adult Scoliosis
The symptoms of scoliosis in adults can range from mild to severe, depending on the degree of curvature and any underlying degenerative changes. If you suspect you might have scoliosis, look out for these common signs and symptoms:
- Uneven Shoulders or Hips One of the first physical signs of scoliosis is asymmetry in the shoulders or hips. This imbalance can lead to difficulty in standing or walking straight.
- Visible Spine Curvature In more pronounced cases, the curve of the spine may be visible when looking in the mirror. This could manifest as a C or S-shaped bend, which becomes more noticeable when you lean forward.
- Chronic Back Pain Chronic pain is a primary symptom for adults with scoliosis, often resulting from spinal degeneration. This pain is typically felt in the lower back and can worsen with prolonged sitting, standing, or physical activities. The pain may radiate to the legs and buttocks, particularly if the curvature compresses nearby nerves.
- Muscle Fatigue Uneven muscle tension caused by the abnormal curve often leads to muscle fatigue. Muscles on one side of the spine may be overworked, while those on the other side may weaken. This imbalance can cause muscle cramps and tenderness in the back.
- Leg Length Discrepancy In some cases, the curve in the spine can cause a slight difference in leg length. This discrepancy can affect your gait, making walking feel uneven or uncomfortable.
- Difficulty Breathing Although rare, severe curves in the thoracic spine can impact lung function. This happens when the spine’s shape changes the position of the ribs, potentially causing restrictive lung issues and shortness of breath.
- Numbness or Tingling If scoliosis compresses spinal nerves, it can lead to neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or a pins-and-needles sensation in the legs or arms. This compression can also cause weakness and difficulty controlling limb movements.
Diagnosing Scoliosis in Adults
If you experience any of the above symptoms, it’s crucial to see a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis. Adult scoliosis is often diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations and imaging tests. During the physical exam, your doctor may look for asymmetries in your shoulders, hips, and spine. They might also ask you to bend forward to check for visible signs of curvature.
Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans provide detailed views of the spine and help determine the degree of the curve and its impact on surrounding tissues. Based on these results, your doctor can classify the scoliosis and develop a treatment plan tailored to your needs.
Treatment Options for Adult Scoliosis
The treatment for scoliosis in adults depends on several factors, including the severity of the curve, the presence of symptoms, and overall health. The goal of treatment is to alleviate pain, restore function, and prevent further curve progression. Here are the main treatment options for adult scoliosis:
Non-Surgical Treatments
For many adults, non-surgical options are sufficient to manage symptoms and improve quality of life:
- Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises and stretching routines can help strengthen the muscles surrounding the spine, reduce pain, and improve flexibility. Physical therapy also focuses on posture correction and functional movements to reduce the impact of scoliosis on daily activities.
- Pain Management: Medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or epidural steroid injections may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Bracing: While bracing is more common in adolescents, it may be recommended for adults in certain cases to provide support and reduce discomfort.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, incorporating core-strengthening exercises, and avoiding activities that strain the back can prevent the worsening of symptoms.
Surgical Options
Surgery is generally considered for adults with severe scoliosis or those experiencing significant pain, neurological symptoms, or functional impairments. The primary surgical options include:
- Spinal Fusion: This procedure involves fusing the affected vertebrae together to stabilize the spine and prevent further curvature. Spinal fusion is effective in reducing pain and correcting spinal alignment but comes with a longer recovery period.
- Decompression Surgery: If scoliosis causes nerve compression, decompression surgery (e.g., laminectomy) may be performed to relieve pressure on the nerves and alleviate symptoms like numbness and tingling.
- Minimally Invasive Techniques: Advances in surgical technology have made it possible to perform scoliosis correction using less invasive techniques, which can reduce recovery time and minimize complications.
Experiencing any of these symptoms or have an immediate need for a quick checkup? No matter whether you need a treatment or a consultation, we are available to provide you with the relief you are looking for. Call us today to book your appointment. For more details you can leave us an email. Our team will get back to you with a response in the next 24-48 hours.